Tips for teachers

Feedback for Teachers on Entries to the BBC Young Writers Award 2007

If your students participated in the BBC Young Writers Award, but did not make it to the National Final, the following tips may be useful. They are based on the criteria that were applied when assessing the essays. The assessment criteria themselves can be found under the heading "Writing Tips" elsewhere on this site.

In General
Students were asked to submit an opinion piece. Definitions and guidelines relevant to this genre were offered as "Writing Tips" on the Young Writers Website. The judges' marking sheet was also available on-line. The most successful entries were those that showed an awareness of the writing tips offered and observed the requirements imposed by the genre. Along the same lines, the relevance of the essays to one of the specified topics should have been apparent, especially since the topics themselves left plenty of space for original interpretation. The most successful pieces combined informed opinion and factual knowledge with a personal touch.

Title
Make up an appropriate title yourself: do not simply copy the essay topic as your title. A good title lures the reader into the essay and indicates its direction. It should not be overly long, preferably no more than 8 words, it is not a full sentence and does not end in a full stop. All major words should be capitalised. If the essay topic is in question form, do not begin your piece by referring to it directly (as in "that is a good question") but reformulate the topic in your scene setting.

Structure
A clear structure is a major asset in an opinion piece, as it helps the reader recognise and appreciate the argument. A division into paragraphs is essential. Paragraphs can be indicated either by indenting or by skipping a line. Subparagraphs should be avoided. The introduction begins with a scene setting and outlines the argument, stating the key ideas, while each body paragraph addresses one of these ideas in the order indicated in the introduction. To further facilitate comprehension, body paragraphs should include, and preferably start with, a so-called topic sentence, which states the central idea of the relevant paragraph. Links between paragraphs and ideas can be strengthened by using markers such as furthermore or on the other hand.

Originality
The highest scoring texts were the ones that avoided clichés, yet were able to create rapport with the reader. They also took a side on the subject instead of just listing the obvious pros and cons. Original thoughts and insights were favoured over more traditional ideas and the popular wisdom of proverbs. The latter also tend to imply sweeping generalisations that distance the reader. Personal but recognisable details, on the other hand, encourage the reader to share the writer's views and feelings. Needless to say that plagiarism, in whatever form, would disqualify any entry.

Style
In keeping with the above, original imagery and metaphors work well. Try to phrase your ideas in concise sentences, mixing questions and statements and varying the syntax - the length and structure of your sentences. Use active, rather than passive sentences and be consistent in your choice of register. Although the assignment did not ask for a formal register, bear in mind that there is a difference between spoken and written language, the latter being more formal. Avoid frequent self-reference. Expressions such as in my opinion or I think are superfluous, as the entire piece should voice your opinion. Since you do not want to offend any of your readers, you should use politically correct language, steering clear of gender, religious, political or ethnic bias.

Language
Writing correct English sentences means checking your grammar, vocabulary and spelling. So, for example, review if-would constructions, and use the past tense when referring to a past action. Use the right word in the right place and insert correct punctuation marks. Make up your mind as to whether you want to use British or American English and be consistent.

Although spelling checkers can prevent quite a few unnecessary mistakes, the importance of proofreading cannot be overstated. There are a number of common errors that the checker will not spot such as its / it's or adapt / adopt. The same applies to punctuation: a misplaced comma can alter the meaning of a sentence.

It might sound self-evident, but the language employed should be English. This means that it is important not to resort to using Dutch words even if there does not seem to be a straightforward English equivalent. Exercise caution with metaphors and other figures of speech: always look up the English equivalent.

If your students take these suggestions to heart, they will improve their opinion pieces and their chances in essay competitions. Additional tips can be found on the "Writing in English Web Pages" of the James Boswell Instituut - Utrecht University

We wish you and your pupils good luck with your entries for next year's BBC Young Writers Award.

Dr. Roselinde Supheert
University College Utrecht
16 March 2006

Drs. Kukka Ahti
University College Utrecht
12 April 2007